3.4. Check of levels of liquids (each 400 km of a run or weekly)
Various liquids play a role of working bodies in lubrication systems, coolings, heating and air conditioning, braking, washing of glasses, etc.
In view of the fact that all liquids are subject to fluidifying and development eventually, and also during normal functioning of systems gradually become soiled, it is necessary to make their full replacement periodically. Before starting adjustment of level or replacement, study the list of the grades of liquids recommended for use in the car (see
Specifications to the present Chapter).
|
|
When checking levels of liquids the car has to be parked on the flat horizontal platform, it is desirable with a hard coating. |
Motive oil
|
|
|
|
1. Check of level of motive oil is made by means of the measuring probe inserted into the directing tube and the pallet of its case lowered in the engine to the bottom. On all models the measuring probe is located in a forward part of the engine (see accompanying illustrations).
|
2. Check of level of motive oil has to be made before the first in the present day trip, or not less than 15 minutes later after an engine stop. If to execute check immediately after switching off of the engine, its results will adequately not reflect a situation as a part of oil will be distributed on internal galleries and components of the engine.
|
|
3. Take the measuring probe from the directing tube and dry wipe it with pure rags or a paper towel. Insert the probe back into a tube against the stop, then again take. Examine a probe edge, checking the size of the site moistened with oil. Level of oil has to be between the top and lower marks in a probe edge (see an accompanying illustration). In case of need add the required amount of oil of the corresponding grade in the engine. |
4. Rise in level from the lower mark in the probe to top requires about one liter of oil. When falling level below the lower mark leads to development of oil starvation of the engine fraught with serious mechanical damages of the last. Try not to pour oil above the top mark as it can lead to a pelting of spark plugs or failure of oil of epiploons of the power unit as a result of excessive increase in pressure.
|
|
5. To fill in oil in the engine it is necessary to uncover equipped with a carving of a jellied mouth (see an accompanying illustration). For the purpose of minimization of spraying of oil during its gas station in the engine use a funnel, or a butterdish with a long nose. Having filled in oil, screw and strongly tighten a cover of a jellied mouth, then start the engine attentively examine a drain stopper and the surface of interface of an oil filter on existence of signs of leak of oil. Kill the engine, wait about 15 minutes during which oil will merge in the pallet, and double-check level. |
6. Check of level of motive oil is the important preventive procedure of service of the engine. Continuous decrease in level demonstrates existence of leak of oil as a result of failure of epiploons, damage of sealing laying, wear of piston rings or the directing plugs of valves. If oil on color or a consistence reminds milk, or at it there are water drops, it speaks possible damage of laying of a head of cylinders, or formation of cracks to a body of a head(s) or the block. Check has to be made immediately. During measurement of level of oil always check also its state. Big and index fingers remove oil traces from a probe edge, – in case of presence at it of small metal particles oil is subject to replacement (see Replacement of motive oil and an oil filter (each 4 800 km of a run or times in three months)). |
|
Cooling liquid of the engine
|
|
Do not allow hit of antifreeze on open parts of the body and the painted surfaces of the car. Immediately wash away incidentally got splashes a plentiful amount of water. Remember that antifreeze is extremely toxic liquid and its hit in an organism even in small amounts is fraught with the most serious consequences, up to a lethal outcome. Never leave antifreeze stored in leaky closed container, immediately collect the cooling liquid spilled on a floor. Remember that the sweetish smell of antifreeze can draw to itself attention of children and animals. About ways utilization of the fulfilled cooling liquid consult with local authorities. In many regions of the world special points on different reception of working off are equipped. Do not merge old cooling liquid in the sewerage and on the earth at all! |
|
|
Recently nontoxical grades of antifreeze were developed, however they also have to be utilized in an organized order. |
All models of cars described in the present manual are equipped with the cooling system of compensation type working with an excessive pressure with pressure. The broad tank of the cooling system made of white plastic is located in a motive compartment and connected by an overflow hose to a jellied mouth of a radiator. At an engine overheat cooling liquid extends, and its surplus flows via the valve which is built in in a cover of a jellied mouth of a radiator, in a broad tank. In process of cooling, liquid comes back on a hose in a radiator that allows to support constantly normal its level in system.
|
|
|
|
1. Level of cooling liquid in a broad tank is checked on a regular basis and has to be between the marks MIN and MOVE in translucent walls of a tank (see an accompanying illustration). It is necessary to remember that the level of liquid depends on its temperature therefore it has to be in a cold state only slightly above the lower mark, and after warming up of the engine – to rise to mark MOVE. In case of need make the corresponding adjustment, having added in a tank through a mouth the required quantity is fresher than mix. |
|
|
Do not uncover a radiator for check of level of liquid in it at the warmed engine! For adjustment of level of liquid use only the required structure mix of ethylene glycol and the distilled water (about 50/50). Remember that idle time of water leads frequent application for adjustment of level of cooling liquid to gradual fluidifying of antifreeze and losing by mix of the of frost resistance and anticorrosive properties. |
2. Continuous falling of level of cooling liquid usually demonstrates development of leaks in system. Check a radiator, hoses, a jellied cover, drain traffic jams and the case of the water pump for existence of traces of leaks. If it is not possible to reveal any signs of leaks, it is necessary to make check of a cover of a radiator pressure in the conditions of a workshop of car service.
|
|
Do not uncover a radiator / a broad tank at the warmed engine at all! |
3. In need of removal of a cover of a radiator wait for full cooling of the engine, then wind a mouth with a thick layer of rags and slowly turn off a cover to the first emphasis. If at the same time there is steam emission, let's the engine cool down a little more, only after it finally uncover.
4. Besides level check also a condition of cooling liquid – it has to be rather transparent. If cooling liquid is painted in henna-red color of a rust, the cooling system has to be emptied, washed out and filled with fresh mix of antifreeze with water. Even if liquid externally is not exposed to any changes, the corrosion inhibitors which are its part are subject eventually to development therefore cooling liquid has to be replaced regularly according to the schedule of routine maintenance of the car (see the Schedule of routine maintenance).
5. Try not to allow hits of antifreeze on open sites of skin or the painted surfaces of body components. Immediately wash away incidentally got splashes a plentiful amount of water. |
|
Liquid of washing of wind and back glasses of the car
|
|
|
|
1. Liquid of washing of a windshield is filled in in the special tank located in the left forward corner of a motive compartment of the car (see an accompanying illustration). In regions with a temperate climate as liquid for washing of glass clear water can be used, however it is not necessary to fill the tank more than on 2/3 for the purpose of compensation of expansion of water at its freezing during frosts. At operation of the car in severe climatic conditions it is necessary to fill in only patent screen wipers providing the corresponding decrease in a freezing point of liquid in the tank. In order to avoid frosting of glass when washing in cold weather previously warm up it by an obduv the air passed via the heater heat exchanger. |
|
|
Do not use for addition in liquid for washing of glasses the antifreeze used in the cooling system at all – the last is aggressive in relation to a paint and varnish covering of body panels! |
|
|
Hydraulic liquid of the brake system and drive of coupling
The Main Brake Cylinder (MBC) is fixed on the block of the servo-driver of the vacuum amplifier of brakes. The hydraulic cylinder of coupling is used on models with RKPP and is fixed in the neighbourhood with GTTs directly on a back partition of a compartment. On the models equipped with ABS in the right part of a motive compartment the tank of the hydraulic modulator of anti-blocking system settles down.
|
|
Before check of level of liquid of the ABS modulator on the car it is necessary to make short (several minutes) a trip for the purpose of alignment of pressure. If the level of liquid rises much above mark MOVE, the car should be driven away on car repair shop for conducting more detailed checks and performance of necessary repair.
|
|
|
|
|
1. Liquid level in tanks is well looked through through translucent walls of the last and has to be supported between two marks MIN and MOVE in walls (see accompanying illustrations). |
2. In case of need adjustments of level of liquid carefully wipe a cover of the corresponding tank and a surface around it with pure rags in order to avoid hit in system of pollution.
3. At a liquid flood in the tank you watch to spraying it on the surrounding painted surfaces of body elements. Add to each of systems only the liquid grade stipulated by standard requirements (see Specifications at the beginning of this Chapter). Mixing of two liquids of various grade is inadmissible by no means. At adjustment of level of liquid in the GTTs tank you do not bring it to the top mark approximately on 20 mm, – after installation of a cover level will automatically return to normal.
|
|
Brake fluid is extremely chemically aggressive – do not allow hit it in eyes and on the painted surfaces of body panels! Do not use for addition in system the hydraulic liquid which staid more than one year, or stored in leaky closed container. Remember that brake fluid is very hygroscopic and has ability to absorb moisture from air then its efficiency considerably decreases! |
4. At a stage of adjustment of level it is necessary to check attentively a condition of liquid and internal walls of the tank. In case of identification of mud deposits, firm foreign particles or drops of water the system has to be emptied and filled with fresh hydraulic liquid (see the Head Stsepleniye and power shafts or the Brake system).
5. After the tank is filled to the required level, densely put on it a cover.
6. Remember that the level of hydraulic liquid in the GTTs tank in process of operation of frictional overlays of brake shoes slowly falls, however this decrease is always very insignificant. If liquid has to be added too often, means in system leak which source has to be immediately revealed takes place, and the cause is removed. Attentively examine all brake lines and their nipple connections, including supports, wheel cylinders and the servo-driver of the vacuum amplifier (for more details see in Check of the brake system (each 12 000 km of a run or times in 6 months)). Falling of level of liquid in the tank of the main cylinder of coupling indicates existence of leaks in system of a hydraulic actuator of the last (see the Head Stsepleniye and power shafts).
7. If during check of level of liquid in GTTs the fact that its tank is almost devastated is elicited, the brake system has to be pumped completely over (see the Head the Brake system).
|
|